The UN Mission in Kosovo
The NATO-led war against Yugoslavia ended on June 3, 1999. One week later, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1244 of June 10. UNSCR 1244 gave the UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) a wider mandate than any other UN mission, to develop the institutions of Kosovar self-rule while upholding the territorial integrity of rump Yugoslavia.

War Crimes Tribunal
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in May 1993 was established by UN Security Council Resolution 827, to prosecute genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. For the first time ever, rape was recognized as a crime against humanity. It took over a year for the tribunal to issue its first indictment, in November 1994. The tribunal's first sentence was passed in November 1996.

NATO in Macedonia
The Ohrid Accord that brought an end to the Albanian-Macedonian conflict called for more Albanian representation in local government, the police and parliament; official status for the Albanian language; and the return of refugees. In return, Macedonia’s Albanian guerrilla, the National Liberation Army (NLA), closely linked to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), agreed to disarm under NATO supervision.

The Stability Pact
The “Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe” was adopted on 10 June 1999. The pact’s underlying principle was that the Balkans countries would only emerge from the wars of the last decade if they worked together to provide security, build democracy and expand their economies. Their incentive was integration into European structures such as NATO, with the promise of eventual membership in the EU.